شیب بندی بام با پوکه و ردیف های آن در فهرست بها

مقدمه

شیب‌بندی بام یکی از مهم‌ترین عملیات هایی اجرایی پروژه هاست که به منظور جلوگیری از جمع شدن آب در سطح بام و  هدایت آب به برای خروج از  طریق آبرو­های تعبیه شده، انجام می‌شود. عملیات شیب‌بندی نه تنها برای بام،بلکه برای سایر فاضاهای مرطوب مثل آشپزخانه، توالت و حمام و نظایر این فاضاها که در معرض مستفیم آب، هستند اجرا می‌شود.

یکی از مصالح پرکاربردی که توسط آن، شیب بندی بام و طبقات صورت می­پذیرد، پوکه های معدنی و صنعتی هستند.

هدف از اجرای شیب بندی بام

در زمان بارندگی برای جلوگیری از تجمع آب در پشت بام، در نقاط مختلف بام آبروهایی برای خروج آب مشخص می شود که معمولا توسط لوله های ناودانی این آب به بیرون از بام هدایت می شود. شیب دادن به کف بام نیز به نحوی انجام می‌شود که نهایتا آب به سمت این خروجی ها هدایت شود، چراکه درصورت تجمع آب در پشت بام، در بلند مدت باعث نفوذ آب به زیرشده و باعث ایجاد خرابی در بخش معماری و فضای داخلی ساختمان خواهد شد. یکی از مهم ترین دلایلی که از پوکه معدنی برای کف­سازی استفاده می­شود، أولا بخاطر سبکی آن و ثانیا بخاطر داشتن منافذ ریز، عایق حرارتی بسیار خوبی است.

نمونه پلان شیب بندی بام

                                                                        تصویر 1 – نمونه پلان شیب بندی بام

مزایای پوکه معدنی و صنعتی

  • وزن بسیار سبک: پوکه بدلیل ساختار متخلخل خود بسیار سبک است که این ویژگی باعث کاهش بار مرده ساختمان می شود.
  • عایق حرارتی و صوتی: ساختار متخلخل پوکه معدنی به عنوان یک عایق حرارتی و صوتی عملمی کند و به کاهش انتقال حرارت و صدا کمک می کند.
  • مقاومت در برابر رطوبت: پوکه معدنی بدلیل خصوصیات فیزیکی خود، مقاومت خوبی در برابر رطوبت دارد و از نفو آب به داخل ساختمان جلوگیری میکند.
  • دوام و پایداری: این ماده دارای عمر طولانی است و در برابر تغییرات دمایی و شرایط جوی مختلف مقاومت خوبی دارد.
  • کاهش مصرف سیمان: در این روش بیشتر فضای شیب بندی توسط پوکه پر می شود و این کار باعث کاهش مصرف سیمان در فضای موردنظر می شود.

لازم به ذکر است که انواع پوکه در سایزهای مختلفی وجود دارد و باتوجه محل استفاده و کاربری فضا، از سایز مرتبط و مناسب آن فضا استفاده می شود. در شکل زیر نمونه پوکه را مشاهده می کنید:

شیب بندی بام - نمونه پوکه معدنی

                                                                                     تصویر 2 -نمونه پوکه معدنی

نحوه اجرای شیب بندی بام

به طور کلی پس از اجرای سقف سازه و قبل از اجرای عملیات شیب بندی، تاسیسات برقی و لوله های برق اجرا شده و روی آن ها ماهیچه سیمانی با ملات ماسه سیمان جهت محافظت از لوله ها اجرا می گردد که در تصویر زیر نحوه اجرا را مشاهده می کنید:

اجرای ماهیچه سیمانی روی لوله ها

                                                            تصویر شماره 3 – اجرای ماهیچه سیمانی روی لوله ها

در فهرست بهای رشته ابنیه جهت اجرای ماهیچه سیمانی  از ردیف های ۱۸۱۲۰۱ و ۱۸۱۲۰۲  به شرح زیر استفاده می­گردد.

ردیف فهرست بهایی اجرای ماهیچه سیمانی

                                                               تصویر شماره4 – ردیف فهرست بهایی اجرای ماهیچه سیمانی

پس از اجرای تاسیسات برقی، عملیات کروم بندی انجام می‌شود. کروم‌بندی به روش‌های متفاوتی می­تواند صورت پذیرد، اما عمومی ترین حالت آن اجرا توسط آجر فشاری می‌باشد. ارتفاع کروم بندی در محل ناودانی ها (محل خروج آب) صفر بوده و با فاصله گرفتن، ارتفاع آن با میزان شیب ثابت که در نقشه ها مشخص می­شود، بیشتر می‌شود. معمولا درصد شیب بندی بین ۱ الی ۳ درصد است. معمولا اجرای شیب‌بندی  در عموم پروژه­‌ها با شیلنگ تراز و در محدود پروژه ها با مقیاس بزرگ، توسط دوربین نقشه تعیین می­‌شود. پس از تعیین و اجرای کروم­‌های مورد نیاز، فضای بین کروم‌­ها با استفاده از بتن سبک با پوکه معدنی یا صنعتی پر می­‌شود.

شیب بندی بام - اجرای کروم بندی

                                                                          تصویر شماره 5– اجرای کروم بندی

شیب بندی بام - پرکردن فضای بین کروم ها با پوکه و ملات سیمان

                                                         تصویر 6 – پرکردن فضای بین کروم ها با پوکه و ملات سیمان

اجرای ملات نهایی و لیسه ای کردن سطح آن

                                                    تصویر 7 – اجرای ملات نهایی و لیسه ای کردن سطح آن

ردیف های مربوط به اجرای بتن سبک با پوکه معدنی و صنعتی در فهرست بها، ردیف ۰۸۰۲۰۱ و ۰۸۰۲۰۲ از فصل هشتم فهرست بها و به شرح زیر می‌­باشد.

ردیف فهرست بهایی اجرای بتن با پوکه معدنی و صنعتی

                                                تصویر8 – ردیف فهرست بهایی اجرای بتن با پوکه معدنی و صنعتی

ایضا  در خصوص عملیات های اجرایی مرتبط از جمله کروم بندی، سختی و صعوبت ناشی از ارتفاع پایین شیب بندی و لیسه ای کردن سطح بتن، ردیف های زیر از فهرست بهای رشته ابنیه قابل تخصیص و پرداخت است.

شیب بندی بام - ردیف های مربوط به پرداخت هزینه کروم بندی و سختی و صعوبت اجرای ملات

                                       تصویر 9 – ردیف های مربوط به پرداخت هزینه کروم بندی و سختی و صعوبت اجرای ملات

لازم به ذکر است پس از اجرای عملیات کف سازی بام، عملیات عایق کاری با ایزوگام انجام می­شود، اما پیش از اجرای عایق کاری با استفاده از ایزوگام، گوشه های بام (در محل اتصال کف بام به دیوارهای جان پناه) ماهیچه سیمانی اجرا می­شود، دلیل اجرای ماهیچه سیمان جلوگیری از نفوذ رطوبت ناشی از باران و برف در محل اتصال دیوار جانپاه و پشت بام است، ایضا ماهیچه سیمانی کمک می­‌کند تا در زمان اجرای ایزوگام، گوشه‌های تیز دیوار باعث سوراخ شدن سطح ایزوگام نشود و اجرای ایزوگام ساده تر گردد، هزینه های مربوط به اجرای ماهیچه سیمانی نیز از طریق ردیف ۱۸۱۲۰۲ از فصل ۱۸ فهرست بهای رشته ابنیه قابل پرداخت است.

اجرای ماهیچه سیمانی پای دیوارهای جانپناه

                                                    تصویر 10 – اجرای ماهیچه سیمانی پای دیوارهای جان‌پناه

شیب بندی بام - اجرای ماهیچه سیمانی پای دیوارهای جانپناه

                                                    تصویر 11 – اجرای ماهیچه سیمانی پای دیوارهای جان‌پناه

منابع 

  • دوره جامع مترور حرفه ای (بخش تفسیر فهرست بها) – مولف مهندس کرایلو
  • فهرست بهای رشته ابنیه سال ۱۴۰۳
  • نشریه ۵۵ – تجدید نظر دوم
تصویر admin

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